Abnormal Psychology A Study Of Unusual Emotion, Thoughts...

Abnormal psychology is the study of unusual emotion, thoughts or behavior. It basically constitutes individual who are not what society would deem as normal and follow the norms of a particular culture. Individuals that are constantly not able to adapt and function properly in various conditions can be viewed as abnormal because a number of factors could be restricting them from functioning effectively in a society. The definition of what is â€Å"abnormal has changed over time, across different cultures, and is different for individuals within a particular culture. These unusual emotions, thoughts or behaviors may correlate with mental disorders. A distinct set of theories are used to understand these forms of abnormality. Psychopathology can be defined as the study of mental disorders. In more direct terms, it focuses on abnormal behavior, mental distress and mental illness. This form of study looks to examine different elements that would affect the mental state or physical bei ng of an individual. When looking at the subject matter of abnormality I can see that there are many books and movies that incorporate characters that demonstrate abnormal behaviors. A movie that consists of characters exhibiting abnormality throughout is Silver Linings Playbook. The movie Silver Lining Playbook portrays two primary characters, Pat Solitano and Tiffany Maxwell. Both of these characters have psychological disorders that they struggle with. Pat, who was a teacher, finds his wife inShow MoreRelatedAbnormal Psychology : A Study Of Unusual Emotion, Thoughts Or Behavior1443 Words   |  6 PagesAbnormal psychology is the study of unusual emotion, thoughts or behavior. It basically constitutes individual who are not what society would deem as normal and follow the norms of a particular culture. Individuals that are constantly not able to adapt and function properly in various conditions can be viewed as abnormal because a number of factors could be restricting them from functioning effectively in a society. The definition of what is abnormal has changed over time, across differentRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1161 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many branches in the world of psychology. There is the behavior psychology, also k nown as behaviorism, a leading theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Cognitive psychology, the branch of psychology that focuses on internal states, such as motivation, problem solving, decision making, thinking and attention. Development psychology, the branch that looks at development throughout the lifespan, from childhood to adulthood. Out of the manyRead MoreAbnormal Human Behavior946 Words   |  4 PagesIn reflecting on the above outlined competency, I found myself thinking, without the existence of abnormal human behavior, my life would not have been as interesting as it currently is. Throughout my adolescent years, primarily through observing others consistently, I was able to develop a profound interest and dedicated pensive thoughts into understanding the cognition and behaviors of human beings. As such, I would spend hours weekly, trying to understand why individuals think differently, seekRead MoreDonnie Darko/ Abn ormal Psycology762 Words   |  4 Pages Psychology 101/ Extra Credit April 28th, 2012 Donnie Darko/Abnormal Psychology Donnie Darko is a movie about a young teen that experienced many abnormal things in his life that are said to be associated with a psychological disorder. BasicallyRead MoreAbnormal Psychology - Behaviour That Is Not Socially Acceptable962 Words   |  4 PagesLecture 1 What is Abnormal Psychology? Students’ Definitions and Examples of Abnormal Psychology Behaviour that is not socially acceptable Science of learning how biological changes affect personality behaviour Prolonged or repeated psychological state that is harmful to the individual or others Person with an illness, on medication, deviates from the norm Study of illnesses, mental disorders that the DSM-IV does not recognize as normal MythsRead MoreAbnormal Psychology Essay1646 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract The following paper includes such topics of normal and abnormal psychology. Discussed with these topics are definitions of each as well as the similarities and differences between them both. Included here also is a discussion and explanation of two mental disorders and two mental illnesses all taken from the psychology perspective. As the reader will see, normal and abnormal psychology as well as the mental disorders and illnesses are common issues that could happen to any person or affectRead MoreDevelopment Of Sexual And Abnormal Fetishes1419 Words   |  6 Pagesviewed as acceptable and others can be seen as abnormal based on societal standards. However, the unknown factor of these fetishes is whether they are innate or adapted throughout the course of life. The factors that make up the defining line between normal and abnormal fetishes are somewhat undetermined, however, it is interesting to study whether the causes of both share similarities in their development. These fetishes can create changes in social behavior, thinking and overall function. There isRead MoreMental Health Disorder Case Study1524 Words   |  6 Pagesdefined if the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia persist for a time period of one to six months. The positive symptoms basically consist of hallucinations and delusions. On the other hand, negative symptoms mean the loss of speech, emotion or motivation. In this set of disorders, there is schizophrenia, delusional, brief psychotic, shared psychic and substance induced psychotic disorder. This subset also includes the Psychotic disorder due to another medical condition. The Mood andRead MoreThe Personality Theories Of Sigmund Freud And Alfred Adler999 Words   |  4 Pagesbig contributors in today psychology world. They set the foundation for future generations of psychologist studies. Freud was an Austrian neurologist and an originator of psychoanalysis group. Freud became fascinated with emotional disorder also known as Hysteria while he was working with French neurologist Jean Martin Charcot (Cherry, 2016). As for Adler, he was an Austrian medical doctor and a psychotherapist. He is the founder of the school of individual psychology call the Adlerian schoolRead MoreSchizophrenia Case Study And Early Onset Signs1151 Words   |  5 PagesSteven Quinn Dr. Carlin Cognitive Disabilities 12/6/15 Schizophrenia Case Study and Early Onset Signs Experts agree that Schizophrenia is a syndrome with signs and symptoms that are thought to co-occur in ways that distinguish it from other syndromes and from normal thoughts and behaviors. Schizophrenia can also be defined as a psychotic disorder with, impairments in reality, disturbances of perception and thought experienced as hallucinations, delusions, hearing voices, seeing things that are not

Financial Statement Of Airline Companies -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Financial Statement Of Airline Companies? Answer: Introducation Impairment testing is conducted by Common wealth bank of Australia on annual basis whenever there is indication that assets recoverable amount are lower than their carrying value. Organization has assessed impairment testing related to intangible assets such as goodwill and brand name. For the purpose of impairment testing, allocation of goodwill is done to the cash-generating unit for comparing it to recoverable amount. Determination of recoverable amount is done based on fair value by deducting cost to sells (Commbank.com.au 2018). Moreover, assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for impairment. For conducting the impairment testing, organization allocated the goodwill to cash generating unit and does the computation of recoverable amount. Publicly available earnings multiples form the basis of calculation of recoverable amount. For determining the assessment of goodwill and other assets, recoverable amount of such assets are compared with carrying amount of individual cash generating unit or group of cash generating unit. Some of the indicators for impairment are as for equity securities that are classified as assets available for sale. An indication of impairment of any investment leads to testing of entire carrying amount of investment in any associate or joint venture by comparing the carrying amount with its recoverable amount (Commbank.com.au 2018). Commonwealth bank of Australia has recorded loan impairment expenses in both the financial year hat is 2017 and 2016 of amount $ 1095 million and $ 1256 million respectively. These figures depict that impairment expenses on loan have reduced in the current year indicating that there was 13% decrease in the expenses amount (Commbank.com.au 2018). The reason is attributable to the lower provisional banking in market and institutional and private banking. For determining the impairment of assets, organization relies on computation of recoverable amount using earnings multiple that is applicable to bank. Data on earning multiple are sourced from market and publicly available data. Assumption is made regarding price earning multiple that is observed from the business. Group conducts the revaluation of assumptions when there is any provision for change. Valuation techniques of assets are based on market value and are based on assumptions formed on market conditions (Commbank.com.au 2018). Process of impairment testing of Common wealth bank of Australia does not involve any considerable subjectivity as depicted from the analysis of financial report. The methodology of impairment testing is considerably influenced by involvement of subjectivity in the estimates and assumptions made by management of group. When subjectivity is considered, there then exists possibility of recoverable value being highly sensitive (Osei 2017). If the management of organization is acting opportunistically, then there can be manipulation in assets recoverable amount. Value in use computation, determinants of cash flows and value generated and there is a possibility that there will be substantial fluctuation in the assumed value because other external factors rather than exercising subjectivity (Commbank.com.au 2018). After conducting detailed analysis of annual report of Common wealth bank of Australia concerning impairment, it has been ascertained that the procedure adopted for impairment testing is a bit confusing. There has not been a segmented presentation of impairment and information considering the impairment of various is presented in a segregated way. It has been ascertained from the evaluation of financial report of banking group that organizations make provision related to impairment of all financial assets. Receivables and loans are assessed collectively for impairment is done on collectively basis. Bank has employed expected credit loss model as per AASB 9 that has lead to replacement of existing incurred loss model (Commbank.com.au 2018). Impairment provisions are raised for the amount that is adequate to cover losses related to credit and when there is any existence of objective evidence. Bank has employed an approach of fair value measurement for measurement of financial liabilities and assets through income statement. Financial instruments, derivative instruments and all investments that are available for sale are measured at fair value. One of the best indicators of financial instruments that are recognized initially and the fair value is also estimated in computation of impairment of assets. Trading assets are asses using fair value that take into account credit risks (Commbank.com.au 2018). Under the lease standard IAS 17, investors assessing the financial position of organization concerning leases will not be able to get true and fair view presentation. This is because of the critics associated with the existing standard as it makes the classification between financing and operating leases. Balance sheet profiles of companies do not reflect the actual amount of debt that company currently owes (Edeigba and Amenkhienan 2017). It is so because this standard does not obliges company to disclose operating lease in their balance sheet and most of them select to treat lease as operating lease rather than financing lease. Therefore, the existing lease standard does not reflect economic reality. It has been estimated by the accounting standard that is IASB out of total amount of commitment attributable to leases of worth 3.3 million, only 25% of lease appear on balance sheet (Sandblom and Strandberg 2015). One of the objectives of presentation of financial report is to provide users with the information that helps in making economic decision. Under the existing standard, there is possibility that there will be unfaithful classification of leasing transactions. Investors are required to make rough estimation and calculations for computing lease commitment and brining them on balance sheets. Operating lease is also a type of liabilities but they are not represented on balance sheet but in actual sense, there is a liability that is more than total amount debt reported (Demir and Bas 2017). This explains why the debt reported on balance sheet is 66 times less than off balance sheet liabilities. Controversy associated with existing standard regarding the leases classification into operating and financing lease explains why there is no level playing field between some airline companies. Airline companies either leases most of their aircraft fleets or they finance that is buy the fleets. It would indicate that the financial position of such organizations is different, but in reality, there might not be any difference in their financial position and they are identical (Nobes 2015). Various flaws associated with the new lease accounting standard are responsible for making it unpopular among everyone. New standard would be focusing on capitalization of operating lease that would increase the balance sheets and debt structure of companies. Companies in receiving credit have also raised concerns and there is a possibility of violation of debt covenants. Adoption of standard will lead to hundred percent of balance sheets and this will require them to renegotiate debt covenants and exclusion of lease agreements. There would be increased administrative burden on part of management and increased cost of reporting that is making companies hesitant to adopt this standard (Czajor and Michalak 2017). There will be alterations in the system of control process, increased consultation fees, educational efforts and process of IT. Moreover, organizations are required to make an estimation of detail relating to right to lease liabilities and assets. Implementation of new standard will help in facilitating the comparison between the financial statements of different companies. This standard will help in addressing the unfaithful presentation of lease accounting. Investors will not be required to make any rough computation and estimation of bringing back leases into balance sheets. Investors will be informed in a better way because of transparency of information relating to leases. Accounting model of organization will be altered and will benefit organizations in providing detailed information concerning leases and therefore investors will be informed and take into account the benefits that would arrive (Morales and Zamora 2018). Decision relating to leased will improved and allocation of capital will improve. Therefore, organization adopting this standard will lead to a more balanced lease versus buy decisions on part of management. References list: Commbank.com.au. (2018). [online] Available at: https://www.commbank.com.au/content/dam/commbank/about-us/shareholders/pdfs/annual-reports/annual_report_2017_14_aug_2017.pdf [Accessed 23 Jan. 2018]. Czajor, P. and Michalak, M., 2017. Operating Lease Capitalization-Reasons and its Impact on Financial Ratios of WIG30 and sWIG80 Companies.Przedsi?biorczo i Zarz?dzanie,18(1, cz. 1 Practical and Theoretical Issues in Contemporary Financial Management), pp.23-36. Demir, Z. and Bas, E., 2017. THE EFFECT OF TAS 17 LEASING STANDARD AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEW IFRS 16 LEASES STANDARD ON THE AIRLINE COMPANIES.PressAcademia Procedia,3(1), pp.153-173. Edeigba, J. and Amenkhienan, F., 2017. The Influence of IFRS Adoption on Corporate Transparency and Accountability: Evidence from New Zealand.Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal,11(3), pp.3-19. Karwowski, M., 2016. The risk in using financial reports in the study of airline business models.Journal of Air Transport Management,55, pp.185-192. Morales-Daz, J. and Zamora-Ramrez, C., 2018. IFRS 16 (leases) implementation: Impact of entities' decisions on financial statements.Aestimatio, (17), pp.60-97. Nobes, C., 2015. IFRS Ten Years on: Has the IASB Imposed Extensive Use of Fair Value? Has the EU Learnt to Love IFRS? And Does the Use of Fair Value make IFRS Illegal in the EU?.Accounting in Europe,12(2), pp.153-170. Osei, E., 2017. THE FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD (FASB), AND THE INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD (IASB) SINGS SIMILAR TUNE: COMPARING THE ACCOUNTING TREATMENT OF NEW IFRS 16 WITH THE IAS 17, AND THE NEW FASB MODEL ON LEASES.Journal of Theoretical Accounting Research,13(1). Sacarin, M., 2017. IFRS 16 Leasesconsequences on the financial statements and financial indicators.The Audit Financiar journal,15(145), pp.114-114. Sandblom, P. and Strandberg, A., 2015. The Value Relevance of the Proposed New Leasing Standard. An event study of the European Stock Markets Reaction to the proposed replacement of IAS17. You, J., 2017.The Impact of IFRS 16 Lease on Financial Statement of Airline Companies(Doctoral dissertation, Auckland University of Technology).

London Eye Essay Example

London Eye Essay The Merlin Entertainments London Eye, commonly known as London Eye or Millennium Wheel or British Airways London Eye. The Merlin Entertainments London Eye is commonly known as London Eye or Millennium Wheel or British Airways London Eye. It is a giant tall Ferris wheel, which has the height of 135 metre ( 443 feet) and located at the western end of Jubilee Gardens, on the south bank of the Thames River in the London Borough of Lambeth in England, which is between Westminster Bridge and Hungerford Bridge, London, England. It was also located near to the former Dome of Discovery, which was built for the Festival of Britain in 1951. London Eye was the tallest observation wheel in Europe, and the most popular paid tourist attraction in the United Kingdom, which approximately visited by over 3. 5 million people annually. Besides, it is also one of an extraordinary symbol in extraordinary city and was as a part of London’s millennium celebrations. The Merlin Entertainments London Eye opens daily except on 25th December (Christmas Day) and during its annual maintenance period, which set from 10th until 19th January 2010. London Eye was constructed on the late of 1998. The construction was a huge international effort that involves hundreds of people during that time, since it took seven years and the skills of hundreds of people from five countries to make it into a reality. The architectural team who consists of David Marks and Julia Barfield (who was a husband and wife), Malcolm Cook, Mark Sparrowhawk, Steven Chilton, Frank Anatole and Nic Bailey has designed the structure. The construction of the observation wheel took more than one year and half to complete. We will write a custom essay sample on London Eye specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on London Eye specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on London Eye specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer London Eye was made of 1700 tones of steel as the structure and more than 3000 tones of concrete were used for the foundations. The wheel carries 32 sealed and air-conditioner egg-shaped of passenger capsules, attached to its external circumference, each capsule representing as one of the London Boroughs and has the weight of 10 tonnes. Each of the futuristic looking capsules can accommodate up to 25 passengers, who are free to walk around inside the capsule, although the seating is provided. Each of the egg-shaped capsules has 8 metres long and weight 500 kg. The 25 metre ( 82 feet) of long spindle was built in the Czech Republic. There are 80 spokes that connects the rim with the spindle, and each of the rim has a diameter of 122 m ( 400 feet), which is approximately 200 times the size of a bicycle wheel. The observation wheel itself rotates at 26 cm ( 10 inch) per second ( 0. 9km/h or 0. 6 mph), which the revolution takes about 30 minutes. However, the wheel does not stop to take on passengers, since the rotation rate is slow enough to allow the passengers to walk on and off the moving capsules at the ground level. It is stopped due to allow the disabled or elderly passengers time to go on board and get off safely. A complete turn of the observation wheel takes about 30 minutes. Since the construction of the glass capsules on the outer side of the rim, the passengers have a great 360? view over the London. There are many famous landmarks are clearly visible from there, which are include the Buckingham Palace, St. Paul’s Cathedral even the House of Parliament. During a clear day, the passengers can see approximately as far as 40 km ( 25 miles) in all directions. One of the London Eye capsules, in which inside is full of passengers. The British Prime Minister, Tony Blair, formally opened London Eye on 31st December 1999. However, the London Eye still not opened for the public yet due to the technical problems, until 9th March 2000. Since the opening, The Merlin Entertainments London Eye has become an iconic landmark and also the symbol of the modern Britain. There are over 3. 5 million tourists who are visiting the attraction each year, which has proved it as the most popular paid tourist destination in London and throughout the world. In August 2009, the London Eye has launched a spectacular new 4D film experience. It was added as a free extra in order to pleasure the passengers in enjoying their ride on the London Eye. The 4D itself used a superb effects and the short film has only 3D aerial footage of the London. Besides, there are also gift shops, which located next to the London Eye Wheel, opposite of the ticket office entrance. It offers many kinds of high quality of London Eye gifts and souvenirs (such as: photography, guidebooks and in-flight mini guides) in order for the visitor feel special for London Eye. Other than gift shops, there are cafes (which offers tea, coffee, drinks, sandwiches, cakes and snacks located inside the county Hall and opposite the gift shop, with great views of the London Eye), toilets as well as the wheelchair loan service to make the visitor more comfortable in enjoying the London Eye. The Merlin Entertainments London Eye has also won over 75 awards for national and international tourism due to its outstanding of architectural quality and engineering achievement since the public opening. There are TripAdvisor. com – Best Attraction in Europe (2007), British Travel Awards – Silver Award: Best Visitor Attraction Coolbrands – third coolest attraction (2008), Group Travel Awards – Best Attraction for Group Visits: Short Visit (2009), and so on. London Development Agency Green500: Platinum Award was the latest achievement that London Eye received on 2010. Since the opening, The Merlin Entertainments London Eye has become an iconic landmark and also the symbol of the modern Britain. There are over 3. million tourists who are visiting the attraction each year, which has proved it as the most popular paid tourist destination in London and throughout the world. The futuristic of architecture design and engineering made the visitors enjoying the sensation in the London Eye capsules, which the visitors can see as far as 40 km ( 25 miles) in all directions. This observing wheel was used as a symbol for the end of the 20th century due to the time that turns into the new millennium until now.

Reaction Essay on Global Warming

Reaction Essay on Global Warming Reaction Essay on Global Warming The major purpose of a reaction essay is to allow the writer to carefully assess his or her feelings or thoughts concerning a given topic. With this purpose in mind, the tips on writing a good reaction paper are very simple. The obvious need is to obtain a clear understanding of the phenomenon to which one is required to react. In the process, one must evaluate his or her feelings concerning that phenomenon. This involves identifying the arguments with which one concurs, and those that he/she opposes. It is also helpful for the writer to consider whether he or she agrees with related allegations. It is a fact that the world is experiencing a significant climate change, as is evident in unpredictable weather patterns. This has led to an international discussion of global warming and its threat to future existence of life on earth. For example, it is difficult to predict each year what geographic locations will experience rainfall and to what extent. Additionally, ice caps are melting, resulting in the rise of the sea level in some low-laying land areas, many of these highly populated with people. Furthermore, for the past couple of years, world media has aired news of huge wildfires in a number of locations world-wide. Moreover, deadly heat waves are occurring more frequently. Severe storms have also been witnessed in various parts of the world, causing loss of human lives and destruction of property. In addition, severe droughts that had hitherto never been experienced are becoming commonplace in many countries. These are concrete examples that global warming is a real threat . With these concerns in mind, scientists have warned that mankind is to experience more serious consequences if immediate action is not taken to address the issue of global warming. One  incontestable fact is that global warming is presently occurring. How else can one explain the alarming rise in the earth’s temperature, if it is not because of global warming? The trend of rising temperatures is clear, at least by observing the standard surface temperature all over the world. Before the start of the millennium, the situation was relatively better than it presently is. Rainfall was pretty predictable, and surface temperature was generally lower than has been witnessed since 2000. This observation is sufficient to validate the hypothesis that global warming is bound to continue if the present patterns of human activity do not change in such a manner has to alleviate the problem. The implication is that human beings are the major cause of global warming. While governments in every nation have imposed environmental safety standards on manufactures and industries, it is regrettable that very few companies strictly observe such legislation. Industrial emissions are known to overload the atmosphere with too much carbon dioxide, which in turns traps heat, thereby driving the earth’s temperature up. Apart from industrial activities, human activities such as deforestation generate huge carbon dioxide emissions, particularly in tropical countries. Since evidence strongly indicates human beings are the cause of global warming, the inference is that human beings can slow down global warming and its damaging effects. Through collaborative efforts, the world’s nations can take immediate action to lower carbon an emission, consequently decelerating the pace at which global warming occurs. This action is of utmost urgency and importance since it determines the viability of future generations. Success in minimizing global warming can only be achieved by involving everyone. For instance, elected leaders must be put under pressure to pass necessary legislation. At the individual level, proper waste disposal must be practiced. Tips on reaction essay writing: To compose a good reaction essay on any topic, the writer needs to conduct some research on that topic. For example, if you are not fully aware of the causes and effects of global warming and how it impacts mankind, you would need to read some studies before writing a reaction essay on global warming. Otherwise, how do you know what your thoughts are on the topic? Do not forget to take notes as you read and to develop an outline for your paper. This will make the writing process go smoother and easier for you. To finalize your essay, you might read the reaction essay aloud, listening for correctness in grammar and word choice, as well as organization of ideas. Visit our essay writing service to order a custom essay on any global warming topics. will provide you with professional essay help at affordable rates.

The history of eyeglasses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

The history of eyeglasses - Essay Example Despite this early invention, Ilardi indicates that that reason it wasn’t believed that these lenses had been available at this earlier time period rests on a variety of science-related factors, including the late inventions of the telescope and the microscope and a general distrust of the distortions brought forward by the glass. He also presents the text of the documents that had been discovered which consist of a series of letters between Duke Francesco Sforza of Milan to his resident ambassador in Florence, Nicodemo Tranchedini da Pontremoli regarding eyeglasses in which the evidence exists for the wholesale use of these specialized lenses in correcting vision if not in science. Confusing the issue regarding the origin of the eyeglass, though, are reports in China of similar inventions coming to them earlier than the Italian invention. An article from 1936, Kaiming Chiu’s â€Å"The Introduction of Spectacles into China,† makes the claim that spectacles may have introduced into China as early as the twelfth century, coming in from Malacca â€Å"in the Western Regions.† According to the author, this date was derived by comparing the original documents and reviewing the probable date regarding when they were written given what is known about the life of the author. This also places spectacles in China at least a century earlier than had been determined based on readings of the Western texts, especially the texts coming out of Italy. A large part of the confusion resides in the several textual errors included in the base work, proven by further date comparisons between when a work was written and when the author lived. Through this analysis , the author concludes that while the majority of spectacles were probably introduced to China in the late 14th century as a result of trade with Western countries, there is evidence that at least one Chinese man owned a set

Information Technology Applications in Marketing Essay

Information Technology Applications in Marketing - Essay Example This is because digital media has numerous advantages like: search ability, speed, marketing interface and perhaps most importantly, data feedback. Digital media, therefore, transcends the constraints posed by physical media and incorporates the best of personal interactivity. More importantly, digital print has been known to reduce incremental cost of production, as well as, that of content acquisition and distribution. The reason why print media is dying is because every newspaper pays writers to acquire publishing content. This makes it difficult to compete with digital media, since the latter provides free content. In the past, printed media was the most influential platform for acquisition of information since there was no other basis of doing so. At the present time, numerous individuals have resorted to electronic media like websites, e-newspapers, and online television, among others. This has led to a huge drop in newspaper circulation for the past ten years. However, this do es not mean that print media is completely obsolete because up to today there are loyal readers that prefer to get news from newspapers and other print media (Reid, n.pag). This is a notion opposed by Josefowicz (n.pag)who insists that print media is bound to die owing to poor reception and increasing popularity of digital media at all societal levels. The principal sector likely to bear the brunt of print media deterioration is that will journalism. A journalist is forced to acquire distinctive information because the internet is a threat for print media. Despite the extensive efforts of acquiring information, it is made available to people who can easily access or even download it for free. For this reason, the print industry has to lower its cost in order to sustain competition in the news industry, and this will inevitably cause its failure and that of journalism. People have always paid for monthly subscriptions for newspaper or other print media like magazines. Currently, howe ver, individuals can acquire information free of charge from the internet, a principal predicament that is shaking the print media companies financially, because they do not have the capability to offer free information. However, as Josefowicz (n.pag) states, the internet is the big problem, but in some cases it can be utilized as a solution. Print media companies can earn revenue by borrowing the internet’s business model for increasing advertising. Nevertheless, print media is still effective and in some cases it holds a variety of advantages over digital media. For instance, print media offers tangibility, an element not available in digital media. This is crucial; magazines or newspapers can be preserved for future reference, while it is possible for internet advertisements or information to get lost into the cyber space under circumstances like virus attacks. Additionally, print media has credibility owing to its sense of legitimacy. This is due to the fact that informat ion is acquired by competent journalists, and is reviewed by editors before being unveiled to the public. This is unlike in digital media where virtually everyone can gain access to information and deliver it in a manner that lacks credibility. Content Marketing Content marketing refers to a promotion method of collecting as well as distributing

Processes in Producing a Chemical Reaction and Hazards

Processes in Producing a Chemical Reaction and Hazards Elephant Toothpaste Objective/aim Understand the processes involved in producing a chemical reaction Identify hazards involved with using particular chemicals Demonstrate an understanding of chemistry terms such as catalyst, oxidation, and exothermic (Harper Nickels, 2008). Background Information The elephant toothpaste experiment is an experiment that produces great amount of steaming foam (Helmenstine, 2014). Its great amount of foam is what makes it look like a toothpaste an elephant would use. The experiment makes use of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution. Hydrogen peroxide is a germiadral agent composed of water and oxygen. It kills disease organisms, like ozone does, using oxidation. It kills microorganisms by oxidizing them which can be described as a â€Å"Controlled burning process† (Hinrichs, 1986). When hydrogen peroxide reacts with organic material, it breaks down into oxygen and water. It can be used in varies ways example, disinfection, mouthwash, hair lightening and contact lenses. In our bodies hydrogen peroxide is produced to fight infections, which must present for our immune systems to function correctly and healthy (Helmenstine, 2014). White blood cells are known as leukocytes, a sub-class of these cells ‘Neutrophils’ produces hydrogen peroxide as the first defence against toxins, parasites, bacteria, viruses and yeasts (Helmenstine, 2014). Hydrogen peroxide is most used in toothpastes and as a cure for toothaches. In this experiment we also use yeast or saturated potassium iodide solution as a catalyst to make the peroxide molecule release the oxygen faster (Harper Nickels, 2008). Yeast is a fungi which converts the catalase hydrogen peroxide into harmless water and oxygen (Spangler, 2013). The overall equation for this reaction is: 2 H2O2 (aq) à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   2 H2O (l) + O2 (g) The decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen is catalysed by the iodine ion or dry yeast. It also releases a small amount of the heat so the reaction is exothermic. (Helmenstine, 2014) H2O2 (aq) + OI (aq) à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   I (aq) + H2O (l) + O2 (g) The dishwashing detergent used captures oxygen as bubbles. Food colouring adds colour to the foam which can be optional. Chemicals and Materials You will need: 20mL Hydrogen peroxide (30%) 5mL Sodium iodide solution 2M Dishwashing liquid Food colouring Rubber gloves for clean up (Harper Nickels, 2008). Labware and apparatus A funnel Dropper Beaker 500 mL Graduated cylinder Safety goggles Plastic bottle (2l Cold drink bottle) Glass rob Spatula Safety Hazards: The bottle will become very hot. Allow the bottle to cool before touching it directly. Hydrogen peroxide is a very strong oxidizing agent and may cause severe skin burns. Store hydrogen peroxide in a cool, dark area away from reducing agent and organic materials. Do not lean over the bottle when solutions are mixed it is an exothermic reaction. Experiment should not be done near an open flame. The solution can be washed down the drain with excess water (Carolina.com., 2014). Experimental Procedure Put on your goggles and gloves. Have a couple of students feel the side of the graduated cylinder. Measure 60ml of hydrogen peroxide from your source bottle into the beaker. Pour the entire 60ml into the bottom of your container. Place 10g of potassium iodide in the plastic portion cup. Add 10ml of water and 3ml of liquid detergent. Stir all the chemicals together using a wooden stick. Open the bottle of food colouring mixed half and half with glycerine or corn syrup and exactly 2ml of the dye. Dribble it down one side of the container that you are using. Add the mixture of soap, water and potassium iodide to the hydrogen peroxide in the container. The potassium iodide will separate into potassium and iodide ions. Once the experiment is complete ask a couple of students to come up and carefully touch the sides of the bottle and describe the temperature for all the other students in the laboratory (Meerman, 2009). Outcome of experiment The experiment produces a large amount of foam as a result of the dishwashing detergent that was added. The foam shoots out of the container like toothpaste would if you squeezed the container. The foam produced is safe to play around with as they only contain soap and oxygen from the hydrogen peroxide. We will also observe the catalytic reaction rate by the combining of yeast, hydrogen peroxide and dish washing liquid detergent (Spangler, 2013). Source of experiment Steve Spangler Science. (2008). Elephants toothpaste. Retrieved October 30, 2008, from www.stevespanglerscience.com. Material safety Hydrogen Peroxide Personal Protective Equipments Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyewear or chemical safety goggles. Skin: Wear appropriate gloves to prevent skin exposure. Clothing: Wear appropriate clothing to prevent skin exposure. Potential Health Effects Eye:Contact with eyes can cause severe burns and corneal damage. Skin: Cause severe skin irritation and possible burns. May cause skin irritation, redness, swelling and formation of blisters. Ingestion: Causes Nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea, gastrointestinal tract burns. May cause difficulties in swallowing, stomach distension, possible cerebral swelling and death. Ingestion might also result in irritation of the esophagus, bleeding of the stomach and ulcer formation. Inhaling: Can cause burns in the respiratory tract causing nasal tissue, insomnia, nervous tremors with numb extremities, chemical pneumonia unconsciousness and death. At high concentration respiratory effects may cause acute lung damage and delayed pulmonary oedema. Chronic: Can cause dermatitis due to prolonged or repeated skin contact. Mutagenic effects and corneal damage if repeatedly contacted. First Aid Measures Eyes:Get medical aid immediately. Do not rub eyes or keep eyes closed. Extensive irrigation with water is required immediately. Skin:Get medical aid immediately. Flush skin with plently of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing. Wash clothing before reuse. Ingestion:Do not induce vomiting. Give 2-4 cups of milk or water, if unconscious don’t give anything, get medical aid immediately. Wash mouth out with water. Vomiting may occur, give water to further dilute the chemical. Inhalation:Get medical aid immediately. Move person to fresh air immediately. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Do not perform mouth to mouth. You can use a bag and a mask for artificial respiration if breathing ceases. Fire Measure Use only water, do not use dry chemicals or pour water into containers. Contact professional fire fighters immediately. Cool containers with flooding quantities if water until well after fire is out. For large fires, flood fire area with large quantities of water while knocking down vapours with water fog. Handling Wash hands thoroughly after handling. Wash contaminated clothes before reuse. Use only in a well ventilated area. Do not get in eyes, skin or on clothing. Store protected from light. Unused chemical must not be returned to the container. Storage Keep away from heat, sparks and flame. Do not store near combustible materials. Keep containers closed when not in use. Store away from light. Store only in light resistant containers fitted with a safety vent. Questions and Answers What type of reaction is this? Decomposition (1) What happen to the reaction when the iodine is drop into the hydrogen peroxide? There is a large amount of heat released and the hydrogen peroxide is decomposes in to water and oxygen. (2) Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction taking place between the hydrogen peroxide and the iodine. H2O2 (aq) + OI (aq) à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   I (aq) + H2O (l) + O2 (g)(5) Which enzyme did we add to help break down hydrogen peroxide? Iodine (1) What is the gas that is being released? Oxygen (1) Reference list Helmenstine, A.M. (2014). Elephant toothpaste chemistry demonstration. Available: Chemistry.about.com/od/chemistrydemonstrations/a/elephant-tooth.htm. [Accessed: 28 August 2014 ]. Himrichs, E.J. (1987). Hospital periodontics a survey of hospital utilization by American academy of periodontology members. Journal of periodontology. 57(11), 663-671. Harper, A. and Nickels, K. (2008). Elephant’s toothpaste. University of technology: Queensland. Spangler, S. (2013). Elephant’s toothpaste. Available: www.stevespanglerscience.com/lab/experiments/elephants-toothpaste. [Accessed: 28 August 2014 ]. Carolina.com. (2014). Carolina world class science and maths. Available: http://www.carolina.com/chemistry/experiments/elephant.asp. [Accessed: 27 August 2014]. Meerman, R. (2009). Teacher Demonstration 26: Elephant’s Toothpaste. Available: http://www.abc.net.au/science/surfingscientist/pdf/teachdemo26.pdf. [Accessed: 26 August 2014]. Elephant TootpastePage | 1